Protection Circuit Module (PCM) disconnects the battery from the circuit when the battery voltage is lower than 2.5 V and reconnects it when the battery voltage is higher than 3 V. In preconditioning mode, MCP73833/4 supplies a voltage lower than 3 V, but this is not sufficient to rearm the PCM in order to reconnect the battery to the circuit.
By using the System Test (LDO) mode you can charge the battery when the PCM cut-off the battery and the VBAT = 0. Apply the VDD voltage at the THERM input for a short period of time and force the charging. The initial current will be the programmed fast charge current, but as soon as the charging is in progress, the LDO mode can be switched to Charging mode/Precondition mode.
For additional information, check chapter "5.1.4.1 System Test (LDO) Mode" in the MCP73833 device datasheet.