USB Transactions

Universal Serial Bus (USB) transactions are initiated by the Host and intended to complete a communications event. In addition to a synchronizing preamble, transactions can have up to three packets:

  • Token: Sent by the Host and describes the type of transaction
  • Data: Depending on the transaction type, this is optional. This is the data payload that is sent by the Host for OUT transactions and by the Device for IN transactions
  • Handshake: Status of the communications request

Token Packets
OUT 0001b Beginning of OUT transaction
IN 1001b Start of an IN transaction
SETUP 0101b Signals beginning of a Control Transaction
SOF 1101b Start of Frame packet
Data Packets
DATA0 0010b Clears the toggle bit in the data packet
DATA1 1011b Sets the toggle bit in the data packet
Handshake
ACK 0110b Transmission successfully completed
NACK 1010b Transmission unsuccessful
STALL 1110b Delayed response, retry needed

If the Device responds to the Host request and the associated Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is correct, the entire communications event is conducted within one transaction. If the Device responds with a NACK or a STALL, depending upon the application requirements, the Host will retry the transaction on the next scheduled frame. After several unsuccessful retries, the Host may suspend the Device with a control command.

Sample USB Transactions

OUT Transactions

IN Transactions

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